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THE WHENCE AND THE

WHITHER OF MAN

A BRIEF HISTORY OF HIS ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT
THROUGH CONFORMITY TO ENVIRONMENT

Being the Morse Lectures of 1895

BY

JOHN M. TYLER

PROFESSOR OF BIOLOGY, AMHERST COLLEGE


New York
Charles Scribner's Sons
1896

Morse Lectures

1893—THE PLACE OF CHRIST IN
MODERN THEOLOGY. By Rev. A.M.
Fairbairn, D.D. 8vo, $2.50

1894—THE RELIGIONS OF JAPAN. By Rev.
William Elliot Griffis, D.D.
12mo, $2.00.

1895—THE WHENCE AND THE WHITHER OF
MAN. By Professor John M. Tyler.
12mo, $1.75.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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INTRODUCTION ix
 
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM: THE MODE OF ITS SOLUTION1
The question. — The two theories of man's origin. — The argumentpurely historical. — Means of tracing man's ancestry andhistory. — Classification. — Ontogenesis and Phylogenesis.
 
CHAPTER II
PROTOZOA TO WORMS: CELLS, TISSUES, AND ORGANS32
Amœba: Its anatomy and physiology. — Development of the cell. — Hydra: The development of digestive and reproductive organs, and of tissues. — Forms intermediate between amœba and hydra: Magosphæra, volvox. — Embryonic development. — Turbellaria: Appearance of a body wall, of ganglion, and nerve-cords.
 
CHAPTER III
WORMS TO VERTEBRATES: SKELETON AND HEAD55
Worms and the development of organs. — Mollusks: The externalprotective skeleton leads to degeneration or stagnation. — Annelidsand arthropods: The external locomotive skeleton leadsto temporary rapid advance, but fails of the goal. — Itsdisadvantages. — Vertebrates: The internal locomotive skeleton leadsto backbone and brain. — Reasons for their dominance. — The primitivevertebrate.
 
CHAPTER IV
VERTEBRATES: BACKBONE AND BRAIN81
The advance of vertebrates from fish through amphibia and reptilesto mammals. — The development of skeleton, appendages, circulatoryand respiratory systems, and brain. — Mammals: The oviparousmonotremata. — Marsupials. — Placental mammals. — Development of theplacenta. — Primates. — Arboreal life and the development of thehand. — Comparison of man with the highest apes. — Recapitulation ofthe history of man's origin and development. — The sequence ofdominant functions.