WAGNER

BY JOHN F. RUNCIMAN

Bell's Miniature Series of Musicians

LONDON


G. BELL AND SONS, LTD.


[Second Edition] 1913



RICHARD WAGNER


CONTENTS

LIFE OF WAGNER


MAGDEBURG, RIGA, PARIS, 1834-1842.


DRESDEN, 1842-1849.


ZURICH—PARIS (1849-1861).


MUNICH—TRIEBSHEN, (1864-1871)


BAYREUTH


"PARSIFAL" (1882).


TO SUM UP.


WAGNER'S WORKS


MINIATURE SERIES OF MUSICIANS



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

RICHARD WAGNER


(From a portrait by Egusquita.)



RICHARD WAGNER


(From a portrait by Simon.)



AUTHORIZATION, SIGNED BY WAGNER

, TO THEODOR UHLIG, TO DELIVER TO THE


DIRECTOR OF THE THEATRE AT WURZBURG, ON PAYMENT OF FIFTY THALERS,


A CORRECTED COPY OF THE MUSIC AND WORDS OF "TANNHÄUSER"


(British Museum.)



RICHARD WAGNER IN 1850


(From a drawing by Lekmann.)



RICHARD WAGNER AND HIS SON


(From a photograph.)



RICHARD WAGNER IN THE LAST DAYS OF HIS LIFE



LIFE OF WAGNER

HIS YOUTH 1813-1834.


The old world is very remote from us now, but it is worth while making a small attempt to realize how it stood to Wagner. When he was born, in 1813, Bach had been dead only a little over sixty years; Mozart had been dead about twenty years, and Haydn about ten; Beethoven was in the full splendour of his tremendous powers; Weber and Schubert had still their finest work to do. To grasp all that this means, let us consider our relation to Mendelssohn. He died nearly sixty years ago; yet, whatever we may think of him as a composer, we can scarcely call him old-fashioned: he remains indisputably one of the moderns. Now, Wagner can never have looked upon Bach as a modern. He spoke of him and his old periwig almost as one might allude to an extinct race of animals. The history of an art cannot be measured off in years: in some periods it moves slowly, in others with startling rapidity. Since Mendelssohn's day composers have sought rather to develop old resources and forms than to find and cre

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