In the year 1914 the University Museum secured by purchase a large six column tablet nearly complete, carrying originally,according to the scribal note, 240 lines of text. The contents supply the South Babylonian version of the second book of theepic ša nagba imuru, “He who has seen all things,” commonly referred to as the Epic of Gilgamish. The tablet is said to have been found at Senkere,ancient Larsa near Warka, modern Arabic name for and vulgar descendant of the ancient name Uruk, the Biblical Erech mentionedin Genesis X. 10. This fact makes the new text the more interesting since the legend of Gilgamish is said to have originatedat Erech and the hero in fact figures as one of the prehistoric Sumerian rulers of that ancient city. The dynastic list preservedon a Nippur tablet1 mentions him as the fifth king of a legendary line of rulers at Erech, who succeeded the dynasty of Kish, a city in NorthBabylonia near the more famous but more recent city Babylon. The list at Erech contains the names of two well known Sumeriandeities, Lugalbanda2 and Tammuz. The reign of the former is given at 1,200 years and that of Tammuz at 100 years. Gilgamish ruled 126 years. Wehave to do here with a confusion of myth and history in which the real facts are disengaged only by conjecture.
The prehistoric Sumerian dynasties were all transformed [208]into the realm of myth and legend. Nevertheless these rulers, although appearing in the pretentious nomenclature as gods,appear to have been real historic personages.3 The name Gilgamish was originally written dGi-bil-aga-miš, and means “The fire god (Gibil) is a commander,” abbreviated to dGi-bil-ga-miš, and dGi(š)-bil-ga-miš, a form which by full labialization of b to u̯ was finally contracted to dGi-il-ga-miš.4 Throughout the new text the name is written with the abbreviation dGi(š),5 whereas the standard Assyrian text has consistently the writing dGIŠ-ṬU6-BAR. The latter method of writing the name is apparently cryptographic for dGiš-bar-aga-(miš); the fire god Gibil has also the title Giš-bar.
A fragment of the South Babylonian version of the tenth book was published in 1902, a text from the period of Hammurapi, whichshowed that the Babylonian epic differed very much from the Assyrian in diction, but not in content. The new tablet, whichbelongs to the same period, also differs radically from the diction of the Ninevite text in the few lines where they duplicateeach other. The first line of the new tablet corresponds to Tablet I, Col. V 25 of the Assyrian text,7 where Gilgamish begins to relate his dreams to his mother Ninsun.8[209]< BU KİTABI OKUMAK İÇİN ÜYE OLUN VEYA GİRİŞ YAPIN!
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