VOLTAIRE

BY

JOHN MORLEY

LONDON
MACMILLAN AND CO.
1886

Printed by R. & R. CLARK, Edinburgh.

NOTE.

The edition to which the references are made in the following pages isthat published by Baudouin in 1826, in seventy-five volumes. Thisedition is to be distinguished from that known as the first Baudouinedition, published 1824-34, in ninety-seven volumes. The extent of thedifference between them, which is entirely in favour of the morevoluminous form, may be seen in M. Quérard’s BibliographieVoltairienne (p. 107). The large number of complete and elaborateeditions of Voltaire’s works, which were undertaken and executed in theyears between the overthrow of the Empire and the overthrow of theMonarchy in 1830, is one of the most striking facts in the history ofbooks.

  1872.


CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.
PRELIMINARY.
PAGE

Importance of Voltaire’s name

1

Catholicism, Calvinism, and the Renaissance

1

Voltairism the Renaissance of the eighteenth century

4

His power the result of his sincerity, penetration, andcourage

6

Different tempers proper for different eras

11

Voltaire’s freedom from intellectual cowardice

12

And from worldly indifference to truth and justice

13

Reason and humanity only a single word to him

15

His position towards the purely literary life

17

Enervating regrets that the movement had not a less violent leader

19

The share of chance in providing leaders

20

Combination of favourable circumstances in Voltaire’scase

22

Occasion and necessity of the movement

24

Age of Lewis XIV. entirely loyal to its own ideas

25

Subsequent discredit of these ideas

26
viiPreparation for abandonment of the old system byDescartes and Bayle...

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